{"id":3873,"date":"2024-11-21T13:10:38","date_gmt":"2024-11-21T13:10:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/?p=3873"},"modified":"2024-11-21T13:10:38","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T13:10:38","slug":"chin-states-revolutionary-journey-during-the-3-years-of-the-spring-revolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/?p=3873","title":{"rendered":"Chin State&#8217;s revolutionary journey during the 3 years of the Spring Revolution"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><b>Chin revolutionary groups in and outside of Chin State<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the military junta seized power in 2021, the Chin people began to rise up not only in the nine townships within Chin State but also in areas outside of Chin State where the Chin people reside. Starting from April 4, 2021, the Chinland Defense Forces (CDF) emerged to initiate a resistance movement aimed at dismantling the authoritarian regime and establishing a federal democratic system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this way, armed groups in Chin State, including CNF\/CNA and ZRO\/ZRA, have emerged. However, according to analysts and observers, ZRO\/ZRA is collaborating with the military junta. The following Chin revolutionary groups have emerged in and outside of Chin State.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chin National Front \/ Chin National Army (CNF\/CNA)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zomi Revolutionary Organisation\/ Zomi Revolutionary Army (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eastern Command) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ZRO\/ZRA)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chin National Organization \/Chin National Defence Force (CNO\/CNDF)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force-Kalay-Ka Baw-Gangaw (CDF-KKG)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chin Defense Force Mindat (CDF-Mindat)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chin Defence Force Kanpetlet (CDF-Kanpetlet)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Matupi (CDF-Matupi)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Paletwa (CDF-Paletwa)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Hakha (CDF-Hakha)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Tonzang (CDF-Tonzang)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Thantlang (CDF-Thantlang)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zomi Federal Union\/ People Defense Force {ZFU \/PDF- Zoland (Tedim \/ Tonzang)}<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Daai (CDF- Daai)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Mara (CDF- Mara)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Zophei (CDF- Zophei)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Zotung (CDF-Zotung)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Lautu (CDF-Lautu)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Hualngo (CDF-Hualngo)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force- Civic Defense Militia (CDF-CDM \u201cSIYIN\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asho Chin Defence Force (ACDF)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Zanniat (CDF-Zanniat)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinland Defense Force Senthang (CDF-Senthang)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maraland Territorial Council\/Mara Defence Force (MTC-MDF)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People Defence Army (PDA)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thado Defence Army (TDF)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chin Defense Force Asho (CDF Asho)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><b>Chin political implications<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the spring revolution began, in April 2021, four groups (Members of Parliament, political parties, CDM\/CSOs, armed organizations &#8211; CNF) came together to form the Interim Chin National Consultative Council (ICNCC), which aimed to lead the overall political landscape of Chin State. However, due to differences in perspectives within the organization, on December 7, 2023, the political leadership of Chin State split into two groups. A conference was held under the leadership of the Chin National Front and formed Chinland Council stating that the ICNCC was unable to carry out effective actions for Chin State&#8217;s political affairs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In that conference, it was reported that a total of 135 participants attended, including 13 delegates from the Chin State members of parliament, representatives from the Chin National Front, representatives from district and regional groups, as well as domestic and international guests. It was noted that there were 14 delegates from the parliament participating in the ICNCC, where some CNF and parliamentary representatives had withdrawn. The ICNCC continued under the leadership of the remaining groups, with the armed organization CNF being replaced by the Chin Brotherhood (CB) who did not accept the CNF&#8217;s leadership.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Chin Brotherhood Alliance (CB) was established on December 30, 2023, by the Chin National Council (Mindat), the Chin National Organization (CNO), and the Zomi Federal Union (ZFU), stating that the Chinland Convention, led by the Chin National Front (CNF) and some members of parliament, did not uphold democratic principles and failed to represent the entirety of the Chin people. Subsequently, three additional groups joined the alliance: the Chin Defense Force (Kanpetlet), the Chinland Defense Force (Matupi) Battalion 1, and the Maraland Territorial Council (MTC), increasing its membership to six organizations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, in Chin State, political and military rivalries frequently emerge between two groups: the ICNCC and Chin Brotherhood (CB) factions, and the CNF and Chinland Council factions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As political and military rivalries escalate, military strength within Chin State has also increased, leading to competity capture of towns and military camps in the state. Over three years into the revolutionary period, the influence of the military junta&#8217;s administration has gradually diminished across Chin State, while the areas controlled by revolutionary forces have noticeably expanded.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Listed below are the cities controlled by the local revolutionary forces in Chin State and areas inhabited by Chin nationals and the dates on which they were captured.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khampat Town, Tamu township (7th November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rinkhawdar Town, Falam Township (13th November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lailenpi Town, Matupi Township (24th November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rezua Town, Matupi District (29th November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Waibula Town, Falam Township, (30th November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hnaring Town, Thantlang Township (30th November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surkhua Town, Hakha Township (30th November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u2019kuiimnu Town, Mindat Township (30th November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paletwa Town (14th January 2024)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Samee Town, Paletwa Township (16th January 2024)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tonzang Town (23rd May 2024)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cikha Town, Tonzang Township (23rd May 2024)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Matupi Town (29th June 2024)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3875\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3875\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3875 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Slide1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Slide1.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Slide1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Slide1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Slide1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3875\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cities captured by local defense forces within Chin State<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on the above, local defense forces and allied groups have successfully taken control of 13 towns, including Khampat in Tamu Township outside Chin State and towns within Chin State. Out of the 19 towns in Chin State, 12 are now under their control.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, Paletwa Township remains under the control of the Arakan Army (AA). It is essential for Chin political leaders and AA leaders to engage in discussions and agreements to reclaim the area.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, two political leadership groups, the ICNCC and the Chinland Council (CC), have emerged within Chin State, creating divisions among the Chin population, political leaders, and the Chin community at large.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During this period, on September 21, 2024, a meeting facilitated by the Mizoram-based Zo Reunification Organization (ZORO) was held in Aizawl, Mizoram. The meeting brought together the Chin National Front (CNF) and the Interim Chin National Consultative Council (ICNCC\/CB). The two parties agreed to several points, including the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both parties consented to ZORO&#8217;s continued mediation efforts and to engage in further dialogue as necessary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both sides expressed a shared desire to establish a peace committee.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They agreed to form such a committee during subsequent discussions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ZORO officially announced that an initial agreement, consisting of five key points, had been reached during the meeting.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3876\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3876\" style=\"width: 439px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3876 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Screenshot-2024-11-21-183806.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"439\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Screenshot-2024-11-21-183806.png 439w, https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Screenshot-2024-11-21-183806-225x300.png 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3876\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">5 point agreements signed by leaders of ICNCC and CC on September 21, 2024. The meeting was organized by ZORO<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chin revolutionary groups in and outside of Chin State After the military junta seized power in 2021, the Chin people began to rise up not only in the nine townships within Chin State but also in areas outside of Chin State where the Chin people reside. Starting from April 4, 2021, the Chinland Defense Forces&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3874,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publications_english"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chin State&#039;s revolutionary journey during the 3 years of the Spring Revolution - Institute Of Chin Affairs Inc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/?p=3873\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chin State&#039;s revolutionary journey during the 3 years of the Spring Revolution - Institute Of Chin Affairs Inc.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chin revolutionary groups in and outside of Chin State After the military junta seized power in 2021, the Chin people began to rise up not only in the nine townships within Chin State but also in areas outside of Chin State where the Chin people reside. 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Institute Of Chin Affairs Inc.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/chinaffairs.org\/?p=3873","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Chin State's revolutionary journey during the 3 years of the Spring Revolution - Institute Of Chin Affairs Inc.","og_description":"Chin revolutionary groups in and outside of Chin State After the military junta seized power in 2021, the Chin people began to rise up not only in the nine townships within Chin State but also in areas outside of Chin State where the Chin people reside. 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